By Neil Garcia
When we are learning a new skill, repeat the process we are learning until we fully grasp it. When we want to communicate something and embed it deep in the mind of our audience, we repeat our message over and over. Just think of how viewers are bombarded with political ads during election season.
When we wake up in the morning, we get to our routines on autopilot mode. Doing things almost by instincts, we go through the days, weeks, and months repeating the same tasks. This may sound humdrum and utterly unacceptable, but repetition is something that’s deeply embedded in our biological makeup. Perhaps that is why we have labeled ourselves as creatures of habit, constantly looking for patterns in order to put structure and to make sense of the world around us.
In photography, the evidence of repetition’s ability to grip viewers is obvious in Andreas Gursky’s million-dollar photo of neatly organized grocery shelves titled 99 Cent II Diptychon. Throughout his oeuvre, the photographer made effective use of repetition and pattern not only to create visual organization and emphasis, but also to produce tension between his works’ structured form and their ambiguous interpretations.
Whether part of our daily routine or of visual communication, repetition is a key factor in the way we make sense and put the seemingly chaotic world into order. In this article, we’ll look at how repetition can be used as a powerful compositional technique that is highly capable of provoking the viewer’s curiosity, creating movement and tension in a photograph, and establishing its overall visual impact.
REVEALING REPETITION
In photography, repetition is created when elements of composition are repeated in a frame. Think of it as a visual echo that uses lines and shapes multiple times. When looking for repetition in photography subjects, pay close attention to similarities in shape, direction, and spacing.
Architectural works, whether modern or traditional, usually exhibit an abundance of elements that are constantly repeated throughout the whole structure. Instead of just snapping a photograph once you see an architectural structure, consider looking for repeated geometrical shapes and lines to include in your frame for a stronger sense of form in your subject.
Now aside from giving order in your composition, repetition, when carefully handled can also create movement, rhythm, harmony, and pattern. It can also be an effective technique that can direct your viewer’s attention throughout a picture, cleverly leading the viewer’s eye toward the main focus in your photograph.
Another important thing to note when using repetition is that the elements in your photographs may not be exact duplicates all the time. Instead, you can look for certain likeness or similarities that are replicated above, architectural structures, whether modern or traditional, usually abound with elements that repeat. right, a silk-reeling machine in china exhibits likeness in shape and texture.throughout the composition, as in a line of trees, or a group of students wearing uniform. Since your elements are not exact duplicates, there is room for emphasizing their similarities as well as subtle differences, which could work for a more dynamic and interesting photograph.
“PATTERN-AL” INSTINCT
In art, pattern may refer to the basic element that is repeated or varied throughout a composition. A simple example is a dressmaker’s sewing pattern, which becomes the basis for making her creations.
In another point of view, pattern may refer to the entire formation created when a basic pattern is repeated many times over. In some cases, the all-over pattern created becomes the focus, rather than the singular element from which the imitations were made. An important thing to remember is that patterns may be made out of their exact duplicates or slightly varied copies.
There are many patterns, both natural and man-made available to photographers. In nature, a single leaf may reveal directional lines good for an abstract photograph, while a cluster of leaves may display photogenic shapes with slight differences in color. Stones may exhibit marks and crevices that create a pattern. In the urban scene, people in crowded places, cars neatly parked on a lot, or designs that adorn architectural works usually present interesting patterns.
When looking for camera-worthy patterns, keep an eye on the relationships of repeated lines, shapes, texture, size, or color in your subjects, especially those that display delicate exude harmony and rhythm.
Finally, if you want to avoid being predictable in your use of repetition and patterns, what you can do is to combine them along with other compositional techniques. For example, you may capture patterns that are in contrast with strong, solid space. This allows for the composition to breathe, while at the same, making their differences appear more striking. In the end, what matters in an artwork such as a photograph, is not just the separate entities of repetitions and patterns, but their interaction with other elements in the composition, which affects the overall visual or emotional impact of an image.